Spanish hydrographic records
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Panacot: Justice Carpio Reaffirms the Philippines’ Historic Claim Over Scarborough Shoal
Bajo de Masinloc, historical maps, IMOA, Justice Carpio, Malaspina Expedition, Maritime Law, Murillo Velarde, Panacot, Philippine maritime history, Philippine Sovereignty, Scarborough Shoal, South China Sea, Spanish hydrographic records, UNCLOS, West Philippine SeaJustice Carpio reaffirms Panacot—Bajo de Masinloc—Scarborough Shoal as Philippine territory through centuries of maps, records, and state acts.